UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
| |||
(State or other jurisdiction of | (Commission | (IRS Employer | ||
incorporation) | File Number) | Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
(
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2.):
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
Pre-commencement communication pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
Pre-commencement communication pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
| Trading Symbol(s) |
| Name of each exchange on which registered |
|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.
Acquisition of Remaining Joint Venture Interest in LPC
Pursuant to a Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of July 16, 2024 (the “Effective Date”) among Kronos Worldwide, Inc. (“Kronos”), Kronos Louisiana, Inc. (“KLA”), Venator Materials PLC and Venator Investments Ltd. (the “Purchase and Sale Agreement”), Kronos’ wholly-owned subsidiary KLA acquired the 50% joint venture interest in Louisiana Pigment Company, L.P. (“LPC”) held by Venator Investments, Ltd., effective as of the Effective Date. Prior to the acquisition, KLA held a 50% joint venture interest in LPC. Following the acquisition, LPC is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Kronos. Kronos acquired the 50% joint venture interest that it did not already own for an upfront cash payment of $185 million (subject to working capital adjustments) and a potential earn-out payment of up to $15 million based on aggregate consolidated net income before interest expense, income taxes and depreciation expense, or EBITDA, of Kronos during a two-year period comprising calendar years 2025 and 2026. The aggregate EBITDA tiers for the two-year earn-out period are $650 million and $730 million, with $5 million of the earnout payable if Kronos achieves $650 million in aggregate consolidated EBITDA, and a maximum of $15 million payable if aggregate EBITDA is $730 million or greater for the period. If Kronos achieves aggregate consolidated EBITDA between $650 million and $730 million, the payment of the additional $10 million is pro-rated between the two targets. The earn-out is payable at the earliest in April 2027.
The acquisition was financed through a borrowing of approximately $132 million under Kronos’ global revolving credit facility with the remainder paid with cash on hand. Kronos will report LPC as a wholly-owned subsidiary beginning with its third quarter Form 10-Q filing.
A copy of the Purchase and Sale Agreement is attached as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the Purchase and Sale Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Purchase and Sale Agreement.
Amendment to Credit Agreement
On July 17, 2024, Kronos together with its direct or indirect operating subsidiaries KLA, Kronos (US), Inc., Kronos Canada, Inc., Kronos Europe NV, and Kronos Titan GmbH, entered into an amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to its Credit Agreement dated as of April 20, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders a party thereto.
Among other things, the Second Amendment (a) increases the maximum borrowings under the Credit Agreement’s asset-based revolving credit facility (the “Global Revolver”) from $225 million to $300 million, (b) extends the maturity date of the Global Revolver to July 2029, and (c) expands the agreement to include LPC (as defined below) and LPC’s receivables and certain of its inventories in the borrowing base. Giving effect to the Second Amendment, the Credit Agreement:
Kronos will pay an upfront fee of 50 basis points plus other customary ancillary fees for completion of the Second Amendment. Within thirty days from the completion of the transaction described above, LPC and Kronos LPC, LLC will become guarantors and pledgors under the Credit Agreement.
A copy of the Second Amendment is attached as Exhibit 10.2 to this Current Report and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the Second Amendment does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Second Amendment.
Item 2.02Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
Preliminary Second Quarter 2024 Update
The preliminary, unaudited financial information for the second quarter and expectations for the full fiscal year 2024 included in this Current Report on Form 8-K are based on information available to management of Kronos as of July 17, 2024. It remains subject to change based on management’s ongoing review of the second quarter and first six months results. The actual results remain subject to the completion of the preparation of management’s and the audit committee’s reviews and Kronos’ other financial closing procedures as well as the completion of the preparation of Kronos’ consolidated financial results for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024. During that process, management may identify items that would require Kronos to make adjustments, which could be material, to the information presented in this Current Report on Form 8-K. While Kronos does not expect its actual results for the three-month period ended June 30, 2024 will vary materially from the preliminary, unaudited financial results presented in this Current Report on Form 8-K, there can be no assurance that these estimates will be realized or that the sales, EBITDA, or capital expenditure amounts for the three-month period ended June 30, 2024, cash balance at the end of that period, or operating results during that period will equal or fall within the ranges of the values set forth below. Actual results could be materially different and are affected by the risk factors and uncertainties identified in this Current Report on Form 8-K and in Kronos’ filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. For these or other reasons, the actual results for this period could differ materially from these preliminary estimates.
Kronos expects to report net sales for the second quarter of 2024 in the range of $495 million to $510 million compared to net sales of $443.2 million reported in the second quarter of 2023 and $478.8 million in the first quarter of 2024. The expected increase in net sales in the second quarter is primarily due to the effect of higher sales volumes in all major markets. TiO2 sales volumes in the second quarter of 2024 are expected to be approximately 134,000 metric tons which is 29% higher than the second quarter of 2023 and 3% higher than the first quarter of 2024. Compared to the second quarter of 2023 the increase in net sales was somewhat offset by lower average TiO2 selling prices; however, compared to the first quarter of 2024 slightly higher average TiO2 selling prices favorably impacted net sales. TiO2 production volumes in the second quarter of 2024 are expected to be approximately 137,000 metric tons, which is 54% higher than the second quarter of 2023 and 13% higher than the first quarter of 2024.
Kronos expects second quarter 2024 EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, to be in the range of $49 million to $56 million compared to EBITDA of $3.6 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $31.7 million for the first quarter of 2024. The second quarter 2024 EBITDA is impacted by approximately $2 million of charges related to workforce reductions as a result of the shut-down of Kronos’ sulfate production line in Canada described in more detail below. Kronos expects capital expenditures to be in the range of $3 million to $4 million for the second quarter of 2024 compared to $18 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $5 million for the first quarter of 2024. As of June 30, 2024, Kronos had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of between $135 million and $145 million, compared with $127.3 million as of March 31, 2024, with total liquidity as of June 30, 2024 of between $360 million and $370 million, inclusive of committed amounts under Kronos’ $225 million Global Revolver (availability of which is subject to a borrowing base and prior to giving effect to the Second Amendment described above). Excluding the effects of changes in currency exchange rates, Kronos’ outstanding long-term debt balances at June 30, 2024 are unchanged from balances reported at March 31, 2024.
Full Year 2024 Outlook
During the second quarter of 2024 customer demand continued to improve across all major markets, although overall demand levels remain below historical averages. Based on the recently improved demand and Kronos’ expectation that demand will continue to improve in 2024, along with the severe demand contraction Kronos experienced during most of 2023, Kronos expects sales volumes in 2024 to exceed 2023 sales volumes. Kronos has increased production rates in line with the current and expected near-term improved demand and believes its production rates for the remainder of 2024 will continue to be higher than comparable periods in 2023. Kronos has implemented TiO2 selling price increases, which need to continue to be realized to achieve margins more in-line with historical levels.
Throughout 2023, Kronos implemented cost reduction initiatives designed to improve its long-term cost structure, including targeted workforce reductions. In April 2024, Kronos announced plans to close the sulfate process line at its facility in Canada, which will further improve gross margins after the charges (primarily non-cash) related to the closure are recognized in the second and third quarters. In this regard, in addition to the approximately $2 million in cash charges related to workforce reductions noted above, Kronos expects to recognize non-cash charges of approximately $10 million in the second quarter and approximately $5 million in the third
quarter related to accelerated depreciation. Raw material, energy and other input costs have generally improved compared to 2023. While the full positive impact of input cost improvements and cost reduction efforts are not yet fully reflected in Kronos’ gross margin, Kronos did experience improved gross margins during the second quarter that it expects to build on over the remainder of the year as it replaces higher cost inventory with lower cost inventory produced in 2024. Overall, if Kronos experiences improved demand, higher selling prices and lower production costs, including lower unabsorbed fixed costs, as it currently anticipates, Kronos expects to report higher operating results for the full year of 2024 as compared to 2023.
Non-GAAP Financial Information
Kronos discloses EBITDA, which is also used by Kronos’ management to assess the performance of its TiO2 operations. Kronos believes disclosure of EBITDA, taken in conjunction with Kronos’ results under GAAP, provides useful information to investors because it allows investors to analyze the performance of its TiO2 operations in the same way that Kronos’ management assesses performance. Kronos defines EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense.
Because Kronos has not yet completed its quarter-end closing process and because of the forward-looking nature of the estimates and assumptions included in the expected EBITDA range presented above for the second quarter of 2024, management does not have specific quantifications of the amounts that would be required to provide a reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to EBITDA for the three-month period ended June 30, 2024. Kronos believes there is a degree of variability with respect to certain of the GAAP measures and certain adjustments made to arrive at the relevant non-GAAP measure that precludes it from providing an accurate preliminary estimate of a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation without unreasonable effort or expense. As a result, Kronos believes providing estimates of the amounts that would be required to reconcile the range of its expected EBITDA would imply a degree of precision that would be confusing or misleading to investors for the reasons identified above. Kronos intends to present its final EBITDA for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, with a reconciliation to net income, when it releases its earnings report for such periods.
Forward-Looking Statements
The statements in this Current Report on Form 8-K relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that represent management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements regarding the potential effect of the LPC acquisition, expected second quarter 2024 results and management’s outlook for 2024 including the realization of potential cost savings. Although Kronos believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Such statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements. The factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, the following:
● | Future supply and demand for our products |
● | Our ability to realize expected cost savings from strategic and operational initiatives |
● | Our ability to integrate acquisitions, including LPC, into our operations and realize expected synergies and innovations |
● | The extent of the dependence of certain of our businesses on certain market sectors |
● | The cyclicality of our business |
● | Customer and producer inventory levels |
● | Unexpected or earlier-than-expected industry capacity expansion |
● | Changes in raw material and other operating costs (such as energy and ore costs) |
● | Changes in the availability of raw materials (such as ore) |
● | General global economic and political conditions that harm the worldwide economy, disrupt our supply chain, increase material and energy costs, reduce demand or perceived demand for our TiO2 products, or impair our ability to operate our facilities (including changes in the level of gross domestic product in various regions of the world, natural disasters, terrorist acts, global conflicts, and public health crises) |
● | Operating interruptions (including, but not limited to, labor disputes, leaks, natural disasters, fires, explosions, unscheduled or unplanned downtime, transportation interruptions, certain regional and world events or economic conditions, and public health crises) |
● | Technology related disruptions (including, but not limited to, cyber-attacks; software implementation, upgrades or improvements; technology processing failures; or other events) related to our technology infrastructure that could impact our ability to continue operations, or at key vendors which could impact our supply chain, or at key customers which could impact their operations and cause them to curtail or pause orders |
● | Competitive products and substitute products |
● | Customer and competitor strategies |
● | Potential consolidation of our competitors |
● | Potential consolidation of our customers |
● | The impact of pricing and production decisions |
● | Competitive technology positions |
● | Potential difficulties in upgrading or implementing accounting and manufacturing software systems |
● | The introduction of trade barriers or trade disputes |
● | Fluctuations in currency exchange rates (such as changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and each of the euro, the Norwegian krone, and the Canadian dollar and between the euro and the Norwegian krone), or possible disruptions to our business resulting from uncertainties associated with the euro or other currencies |
● | Our ability to renew or refinance credit facilities or other debt instruments in the future |
● | Changes in interest rates |
● | Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity |
● | The ultimate outcome of income tax audits, tax settlement initiatives, or other tax matters, including future tax reform |
● | Our ability to utilize income tax attributes, the benefits of which may or may not have been recognized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria |
● | Environmental matters (such as those requiring compliance with emission and discharge standards for existing and new facilities) |
● | Government laws and regulations and possible changes therein including new environmental, health, safety, sustainability, or other regulations (such as those seeking to limit or classify TiO2 or its use) |
● | Pending or possible future litigation or other actions. |
Except as required by law, Kronos undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this Current Report on Form 8-K and cautions investors not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements.
Item 2.03Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant.
The information under Item 1.01 above relating to the Second Amendment and the financing of the acquisition of the 50% joint venture interest in LPC is incorporated into this Item 2.03 by reference.
Item 7.01Regulation FD Disclosure.
The registrant hereby furnishes the information set forth in its press release dated July 17, 2024, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference.
The press release the registrant furnishes as Exhibit 99.1 to this current report is not deemed “filed” for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. Registration statements or other documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission shall not incorporate this information by reference, except as otherwise expressly stated in such filing.
Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
(d) | Exhibits |
10.1 |
10.2 |
99.1Press Release, dated July 17, 2024, issued by Kronos Worldwide, Inc.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within Inline XBRL document).
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. | ||
(Registrant) | ||
Date: July 17, 2024 | By: | /s/ Tim C. Hafer |
Tim C. Hafer, | ||
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Execution Version
THIS PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made effective as of July 16, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), by and between Kronos Louisiana, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (“Kronos Partner”), Kronos Worldwide, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (“Kronos Parent” and together with Kronos Partner, “Kronos”), Venator Investments Ltd., a limited liability company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Venator Partner” and together with Kronos Partner, the “Partners”), Venator Materials PLC, a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales (“Venator Parent” and together with Venator Partner, “Venator”) and Louisiana Pigment Company, L.P., a limited partnership organized under the laws of Delaware (the “Joint Venture”). Kronos Partner, Kronos Parent, Venator Partner, Venator Parent and the Joint Venture may each be individually referred to as a “Party” and collectively referred to as the “Parties”. Capitalized terms used and not defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Joint Venture Agreement (as defined below).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner are parties to that certain Joint Venture Agreement, dated as of October 18, 1993 (as amended, the “Joint Venture Agreement”), pursuant to which the Kronos Partner and the predecessor to Venator Partner formed the Joint Venture, Kronos Partner is party to that certain Kronos Offtake Agreement, dated as of October 18, 1993 and Venator Partner is party to that certain Tioxide Americas Offtake Agreement, dated as of October 18, 1993 (the “Venator Offtake Agreement”);
WHEREAS, each of Kronos Partner and Venator Partner owns a 50% Percentage Interest (as defined in the Joint Venture Agreement) in the Joint Venture;
WHEREAS, Venator Partner desires to sell and transfer its 50% Percentage Interest in the Joint Venture (consisting of a 25% general partner interest and a 25% limited partner interest) (collectively, the “Venator Interest”) to Kronos Partner, and Kronos Partner wishes to purchase and acquire the Venator Interest; and
WHEREAS, Venator Partner and Kronos Partner have agreed that Venator Partner shall sell, and Kronos Partner shall purchase, the Venator Interest on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements and covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which the Parties hereby acknowledge, the Parties, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree to the foregoing and as follows:
1.1 | Purchase and Sale. At the Closing, Venator Partner shall sell and transfer the Venator Interest to Kronos Partner, free and clear of all Encumbrances, other than transfer restrictions arising under applicable securities laws or the governing documents of the Joint Venture (including the Joint Venture Agreement) and any Encumbrances created by Kronos Partner or Kronos Parent, and Kronos Partner shall purchase and acquire the Venator Interest from Venator Partner for US$185,000,000, minus the Pre-Closing Venator Receivable/Payable Net Balance Amount, (the “Closing Consideration”). |
US-DOCS\151952090.11
1.2 | For the avoidance of doubt, except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, as part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, Venator Partner shall convey to Kronos Partner, and Kronos Partner shall receive from Venator Partner, (i) all rights, claims and credits arising under insurance policies and all guarantees, warranties, indemnities and similar rights in favor of Venator Partner in respect of the Venator Interest, the Joint Venture Agreement, or the Joint Venture; and (ii) all rights, claims, credits, causes of action, rights to indemnification and contribution or rights of setoff against third parties in favor of Venator Partner in respect of the Venator Interest, the Joint Venture Agreement, or the Joint Venture. |
1.3 | Payment of the Closing Consideration. No later than July 17, 2024, Kronos Partner shall pay the Closing Consideration to Venator Partner by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account or accounts identified by Venator Partner prior to the Closing. |
1.4 | Transfer of Venator Interest. The Parties hereby agree to execute and deliver at the Closing an assignment instrument, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Parties, sufficient to evidence that the transfer of the Venator Interest to Kronos Partner has occurred (the “Assignment Agreement”), although the failure to execute any such document evidencing the Closing will not affect the validity and effectiveness of the transfer and assignment of the Venator Interest at the Closing. |
2.1 | Closing. The closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the “Closing”) shall take place with an effective date of July 16, 2024 (the “Closing Date”) remotely by exchange of documents and signatures (or their electronic counterparts). For purposes of the Post-Closing Adjustment, the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be deemed to occur at the Stoppage Time. |
2.2 | Pre-Closing Procedures and Closing Deliverables. |
2
US-DOCS\151952090.11
(i) | complete the actions set forth on Schedule 2 (the “Pre-Closing Procedures”); and |
(i) | the Closing Consideration, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account or accounts identified by Venator Partner prior to the Closing; and |
(ii) | the Assignment Agreement, duly executed by Kronos Partner. |
2.3 | Working Capital Adjustment. |
(ii) | the Closing Venator Receivable/Payable Net Balance Amount; and |
(iii) | Final Consideration. |
3
US-DOCS\151952090.11
(i) | “Closing Working Capital” means (a) the Current Assets, minus (b) the Current Liabilities, determined as of the applicable times identified in Schedule 2 on the Closing Date. |
(ii) | “Current Assets” means the current assets of the Joint Venture, which shall only include the line items set forth under the heading “Total Current Assets” in the form balance sheet contained in the Blue Book Template, determined using the Blue Book Principles. Current Assets shall exclude any and all Destroyed Venator Packaging. |
(iii) | “Current Liabilities” means the current liabilities of the Joint Venture, which shall only include the line items set forth under the heading “Total Current Liabilities” in the form balance sheet contained in the Blue Book Template, determined using the Blue Book Principles. |
(iv) | “Target Working Capital Amount” means US$80,000,000.00. For explanatory purposes only, the foregoing amount is representative of 100% of the working capital of the Joint Venture, and corresponds to US$40,000,000 working capital estimate on a per partner basis. |
(v) | “Working Capital Adjustment Amount” means the amount (which may be positive or negative) equal to (i) the Closing Working Capital minus the Target Working Capital Amount, (ii) divided by two. |
(vi) | “Closing Venator Receivable/Payable Net Balance Amount” means the amount (which may be positive or negative) equal to the Joint Venture’s accounts payable to Venator Partner, minus its accounts receivable from Venator Partner, determined as of the Stoppage Time in accordance with the Pre-Closing Procedures. |
(vii) | “Final Consideration” means (i) $185,000,000, plus (ii) the Closing Venator Receivable/Payable Net Balance Amount, plus (iii) the Working Capital Adjustment Amount. |
(i) | Examination. After receipt of the Closing Working Capital Statement, Venator Partner shall have 30 days (the “Working Capital Review Period”) to review the Closing Working Capital Statement. |
(ii) | Objection. On or prior to the last day of the Working Capital Review Period, Venator Partner may object to the Closing Working Capital Statement by delivering to Kronos Partner a written statement setting forth Venator Partner’s objections in reasonable detail, indicating each disputed item or amount and the basis for Venator Partner’s disagreement therewith (the “Statement of Objections”). If Venator Partner fails to deliver the Statement of Objections before the expiration of the Working Capital Review Period, the Closing Working |
4
US-DOCS\151952090.11
Capital Statement and the Post-Closing Adjustment, as the case may be, reflected in the Closing Working Capital Statement shall be deemed to have been accepted by Venator Partner. If Venator Partner delivers the Statement of Objections before the expiration of the Working Capital Review Period, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner shall negotiate in good faith to resolve such objections within 30 days after the delivery of the Statement of Objections (the “Resolution Period”), and, if the same are so resolved within the Resolution Period, the Post-Closing Adjustment and the Closing Working Capital Statement with such changes as may have been previously agreed in writing by Kronos Partner and Venator Partner, shall be final and binding. |
(iii) | Resolution of Disputes. If Venator Partner and Kronos Partner fail to reach an agreement with respect to all of the matters set forth in the Statement of Objections before expiration of the Resolution Period, then any amounts remaining in dispute (“Disputed Amounts”) shall be submitted for resolution to the New York office of Grant Thornton or, if Grant Thornton is unable to serve, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner shall appoint by mutual agreement the office of an impartial nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants other than the accountants of the Parties (the “Independent Accountants”). The Independent Accountants shall be directed to render a written report, acting as experts and not as arbitrators, on Disputed Amounts and make any adjustments to the Post-Closing Adjustment, as the case may be, and the Closing Working Capital Statement. If Disputed Amounts are submitted to the Independent Accountant, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner shall each furnish to the Independent Accountant such work papers, schedules and other documents and information relating to the Disputed Amounts as the Independent Accountant may reasonably request. The parties hereto agree that all adjustments shall be made without regard to materiality. The Independent Accountants shall only decide the specific items under dispute by the parties and their decision for each Disputed Amount must be within the range of values assigned to each such item in the Closing Working Capital Statement and the Statement of Objections, respectively. |
5
US-DOCS\151952090.11
and their adjustments to the Post-Closing Adjustment shall be conclusive and binding upon the parties hereto. |
2.4 | Earn-Out. |
Threshold | Average Annual EBITDA Threshold: | Earn-Out Payment (prior to tax withholding): |
1 | Less than US$325,000,000 | $0 |
2 | Equal to or greater than US$325,000,000, but less than US$365,000,000 | US$5,000,000, plus an amount equal to: a) US$10,000,000; multiplied by b) Average Annual EBITDA minus US$325,000,000, divided by US$40,000,000. |
3 | Equal to or greater than US$365,000,000 | US$15,000,000 (the “Maximum Earn-Out Payment”) |
The Earn-Out Payments listed above are not cumulative, and Venator Partner shall be entitled only to the Earn-Out Payment corresponding to the applicable Average Annual EBITDA threshold achieved. For example, if the Average Annual EBITDA were US$350,000,000, the Earn-Out Payment (prior to tax withholding) to Venator Partner would be US$11,250,000.
6
US-DOCS\151952090.11
(ii) | “Audited Financial Statements” means the Kronos Parent audited financial statements consisting of the balance sheet of Kronos Parent as of December 31 in each of the years 2025 and 2026 and the related statements of income and retained earnings, stockholders’ equity and cash flow for the fiscal years then ended, in each case, as included in Kronos Parent’s Form 10-K filings for such fiscal years. |
(iii) | “Average Annual EBITDA” means sum of EBITDA for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2026, divided by two. |
(iv) | “Earn-Out Period” means the period beginning on January 1, 2025 and ending on December 31, 2026. |
(i) | On or before the date which is 90 days after the last day of the Earn-Out Period, such date, the “Earn-Out Calculation Delivery Date”, Kronos Partner shall prepare and deliver to Venator Partner a written statement (the “Earn-Out Calculation Statement”) setting forth in reasonable detail its determination of EBITDA for each of the calendar years during the Earn-Out Period and its calculation of the resulting Earn-Out Payment (the “Earn-Out Calculation”). |
7
US-DOCS\151952090.11
be final and binding on the parties hereto. If Venator Partner timely delivers an Earn-Out Calculation Objection Notice, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner shall negotiate in good faith to resolve the disputed items and agree upon the Earn-Out Payment. If Kronos Partner and Venator Partner are unable to reach agreement within thirty (30) days after such an Earn-Out Calculation Objection Notice has been given, all unresolved disputed items shall be referred to the office of Grant Thornton or, if Grant Thornton is unable to serve, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner shall appoint by mutual agreement the office of an impartial nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants other than Venator Partner’s accountants or Kronos Partner’s accountants, who, acting as experts and not arbitrators, shall resolve the unresolved disputed items. The Independent Accountant shall be directed to render a written report on the unresolved disputed items with respect to the Earn-Out Calculation as promptly as practicable, but in no event greater than forty-five (45) days (or such other time period as the parties may agree to in writing) after such submission to the Independent Accountant, and to resolve only those unresolved disputed items set forth in the Earn-Out Calculation Objection Notice. If unresolved disputed items are submitted to the Independent Accountant, Kronos Partner and Venator Partner shall each furnish to the Independent Accountant such work papers, schedules and other documents and information relating to the unresolved disputed items as the Independent Accountant may reasonably request. The Independent Accountant shall resolve the disputed items based solely on the applicable definitions and other terms in this Agreement and the presentations by Kronos Partner and Venator Partner, and not by independent review. The resolution of the dispute and the calculation of EBITDA for each of the calendar years during the Earn-Out Period that is the subject of the applicable Earn-Out Calculation Objection Notice by the Independent Accountant shall be final and binding on the parties hereto. The fees and expenses of the Independent Accountant shall be borne by Venator Partner and Kronos Partner in proportion to the amounts by which their respective calculations of the Earn-Out Payment differ from the Earn-Out Payment as finally determined by the Independent Accountant. |
8
US-DOCS\151952090.11
9
US-DOCS\151952090.11
Venator Partner and Venator Parent, as applicable, hereby represent and warrant to Kronos as of the Effective Date and Closing that:
3.1 | Organization. Venator Partner is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Venator Parent is a public limited company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of England and Wales. |
3.2 | Authorization. Each of Venator Partner and Venator Parent has the requisite power and authority and has taken all action necessary to execute and deliver this Agreement, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to perform their respective obligations hereunder, and no other proceedings on the part of Venator are necessary to authorize this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Venator and is the valid and binding obligation of Venator, enforceable against Venator in accordance with its terms. Each of Venator Partner and Venator Parent is in full possession, custody and control of its respective assets (including without limitation and with respect to Venator Partner, the Venator Interest), and Venator Partner has the power to convey the Venator Interest without the approval of any third party, court, or other tribunal. |
3.3 | No Conflict. The execution and delivery by each of Venator Partner and Venator Parent of this Agreement and all other instruments and documents required to be executed pursuant to this Agreement, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, do not and will not: (i) conflict with or result in a breach of any provision of the organizational documents of either Venator Partner or Venator Parent; (ii) result in a breach of any agreement to which either Venator Partner and Venator Parent is a party, respectively, that would impair the performance of each of their respective obligations hereunder (taking into account, for the avoidance of doubt, the effect of Section 6.5); or (iii) violate any Law applicable to either Venator Partner or Venator Parent. “Law” means any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority. “Governmental Authority” means any federal, state, local or foreign government or |
10
US-DOCS\151952090.11
political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction. |
3.4 | Venator Interest. The Venator Interest is beneficially owned by Venator Partner, free and clear of all Encumbrances, other than transfer restrictions arising under applicable securities laws or the governing documents of the Joint Venture (including the Joint Venture Agreement) and any Encumbrances created by Kronos Partner or Kronos Parent. Venator Partner is the record owner of and has good and valid title to the Venator Interest. |
3.5 | Sufficiency of Funds. Venator has sufficient funds to consummate the transactions, to perform its obligations hereunder (including all payments to be made by it in connection herewith) and to pay all of its expenses related to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereto, including the payment in cash of all fees and expenses payable by Venator in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the “Venator Transaction Payment Obligations”). Venator has not incurred any obligation, commitment, restriction or liability of any kind, and is not contemplating or aware of any obligation, commitment or restriction of any kind, in either case, which would reasonably be expected to impair or adversely affect its ability to make the Venator Transaction Payment Obligations. |
11
US-DOCS\151952090.11
3.10 | No Additional Representations and Warranties. Except for the express representations and warranties provided in this ARTICLE III, none of Venator Partner, any of its affiliates (including Venator Parent), or any of its or their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders, partners, members or other representatives has made, or is making, any representation or warranty of any kind or nature whatsoever, oral or written, express or implied, relating to Venator Partner or the Venator Interest to Kronos Partner, any of its affiliates (including Kronos Parent) or its or their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders, partners, members or other representatives, and Venator Partner, on behalf of itself and its affiliates (including Venator Parent) hereby disclaims any such other representations or warranties. Neither Venator Partner nor Venator Parent shall be liable in respect of the accuracy or completeness of any such information provided to Kronos Partner, any of its affiliates (including Kronos Parent) or their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders, partners, members or other representatives other than the express representations and warranties provided in this ARTICLE III. |
Kronos Partner and Kronos Parent, as applicable, hereby represent and warrant to Venator as of the Effective Date and Closing that:
4.1 | Organization. Kronos Partner is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. Kronos Parent is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. |
4.2 | Authorization. Each of Kronos Partner and Kronos Parent has the requisite power and authority and has taken all action necessary to execute and deliver this Agreement, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to perform their respective obligations hereunder, and no other proceedings on the part of Kronos are necessary to authorize this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Kronos and is the valid and binding obligation of Kronos, enforceable against Kronos in accordance with its terms. |
12
US-DOCS\151952090.11
4.3 | No Conflict. The execution and delivery by each of Kronos Partner and Kronos Parent of this Agreement and all other instruments and documents required to be executed pursuant to this Agreement, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, do not and will not: (i) conflict with or result in a breach of any provision of the organizational documents of either Kronos Partner or Kronos Parent; (ii) result in a breach of any agreement to which either Kronos Partner or Kronos Parent is a party, respectively, that would impair the performance of its obligations hereunder; or (iii) violate any Law or regulation applicable to either Kronos Partner or Kronos Parent. |
13
US-DOCS\151952090.11
4.9 | No Additional Representations and Warranties. Except for the express representations and warranties provided in this ARTICLE III, none of Venator Partner, any of its affiliates (including Venator Parent), or any of its or their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders, partners, members or other representatives has made, or is making, any representation or warranty of any kind or nature whatsoever, oral or written, express or implied, relating to Venator Partner or the Venator Interest to Kronos Partner, any of its affiliates (including Kronos Parent) or its or their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders, partners, members or other representatives, and Venator Partner, on behalf of itself and its affiliates (including Venator Parent) hereby disclaims any such other representations or warranties. Neither Venator Partner nor Venator Parent shall be liable in respect of the accuracy or completeness of any such information provided to Kronos Partner, any of its affiliates (including Kronos Parent) or their respective directors, officers, employees, stockholders, partners, members or other representatives other than the express representations and warranties provided in this ARTICLE III. |
14
US-DOCS\151952090.11
6.1 | Tax Considerations. |
15
US-DOCS\151952090.11
6.2 | Indemnification; Mutual Release. |
16
US-DOCS\151952090.11
17
US-DOCS\151952090.11
6.3 | Kronos Parent Guaranty. Kronos Parent hereby guarantees to Venator the due and punctual performance and discharge of all payment obligations of Kronos Partner with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. |
6.4 | Venator Parent Guaranty. Venator Parent hereby guarantees to Kronos the due and punctual performance of all obligations of Venator Partner with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. |
6.7 | Assignment. Neither Party may assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement without the other Party’s prior written consent; provided that each Party may assign its rights or obligations, in whole or in part, to their respective controlled affiliates or to an acquiror of such Party or one of their subsidiaries; provided, further, that no such assignment shall relieve such Party of any of its respective obligations hereunder. Any attempted assignment in contravention of the foregoing shall be null and void ab initio. |
18
US-DOCS\151952090.11
6.8 | Severability. Should one or more of the provisions of this Agreement become void or unenforceable as a matter of law, then such provision will be ineffective only to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of this Agreement, and the Parties agree to substitute a valid and enforceable provision therefor that, as nearly as possible, achieves the desired economic effect and mutual understanding of the Parties under this Agreement. |
6.9 | Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws in effect in the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any conflicts of laws provision thereof or of any other jurisdiction that would produce a contrary result. |
6.10 | Waivers and Amendments. The failure of any Party to assert a right hereunder or to insist upon compliance with any term or condition of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of that right or excuse a similar subsequent failure to perform any such term or condition by the other Party. No waiver shall be effective unless it has been given in writing and signed by the Party giving such waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be amended or modified other than by a written document signed by authorized representatives of each Party. |
6.11 | Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. |
6.12 | Venator JV Ancillary Agreements; Further Assurances. The Parties hereby covenant and agree, without the necessity of any further consideration, to execute, acknowledge and deliver any and all such other documents and instruments and take any such other action as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate to carry out the intent and purposes of this Agreement. If reasonably requested by Kronos Partner, Venator Partner shall, or shall cause its applicable affiliate to, sign and execute a termination agreement for any agreement (other than this Agreement and any ancillary agreement necessary to carry out the purposes of this Agreement) with, pertaining to, or relating to, the Joint Venture to which Venator Partner (or its affiliate) is party, including any agreement granting Venator Partner (or its affiliate) any ownership, right, interest, option, security interest, mortgage, easement, encroachment, right of way, or right of first refusal in the Joint Venture or its assets or properties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Encumbrance, easement, encroachment, right of way, or right of first refusal in the Joint Venture or its assets or properties held by Venator Partner (or its affiliate) shall be automatically extinguished as of the Closing without need for further documentation. |
6.13 | No Third Party Beneficiary Rights. Except as expressly stated herein, this Agreement is not intended to and shall not be construed to give any third party any interest or rights (including, without limitation, any third party beneficiary rights) with respect to or in connection with any agreement or provision contained herein or contemplated hereby. |
6.14 | Entire Agreement. This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding of the Parties as to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all proposals, oral or written, and all other prior communications between the Parties with respect to such subject matter. In the event of any conflict between a provision of this Agreement and any provision of the Joint Venture Agreement, this Agreement shall control. |
19
US-DOCS\151952090.11
6.15 | Announcements. Except as a Party may reasonably conclude may be required by applicable law; court process; with respect only to any employees of such Party or their representatives, as required by any collective bargaining agreement; or by obligations pursuant to the listing rules of, or any listing agreement with, any applicable national securities exchange or national securities quotation system each Party shall give the other Party the opportunity to review and comment upon any such press release or other public statement prior to its disclosure or distribution. |
6.16 | Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by electronic mail in portable document format (PDF) or by DocuSign (or other similar format) will be effective as delivery of a manually executed signature page of this Agreement. No party may raise the use of an electronic mail or electronically transmitted “.pdf” format, or the fact that any signature was transmitted through the use of an electronic mail or electronically transmitted “.pdf” format as a defense to the enforcement of this Agreement or any amendment or other document executed and delivered pursuant to this Agreement and each party hereby forever waives any such defense. |
6.17 | Interpretation. The headings of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not constitute a part of or affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. The words “include,” “includes” and “including” when used in this Agreement shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words “without limitation.” Defined terms used in this Agreement shall have the same meaning whether defined or used herein in the singular or the plural, as the case may be. When a reference is made in this Agreement to sections, subsections, clauses or schedules, such reference shall be to a section, subsection, clause or schedule to this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. |
6.18 | Notices. Any notice, demand or request required or permitted to be given by a Party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and received: (i) upon delivery, if delivered in person or by e-mail if no automated notice of delivery failure is received by the sender or (ii) one business day after having been deposited for overnight delivery with Federal Express or another comparable overnight courier service, addressed to the parties set forth below or such other address as a Party may request by notifying the other Party in writing: |
If to Kronos Partner, Kronos Parent or the Joint Venture:
Three Lincoln Centre
5430 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1700
Dallas, Texas 75240-2697
USA
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Email: jbuch@valhi.net
With a copy to: General Counsel (at the same address)
Email: athomason@valhi.net
20
US-DOCS\151952090.11
If to Venator Partner or Venator Parent:
Titanium House
Hanzard Drive
Wynyard Park
Stockton-on-Tees
TS22 5FD
UK
Attention: General Counsel
Email: justin_phillipson@venatorcorp.com
[Signature pages follow.]
21
US-DOCS\151952090.11
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed and delivered this Agreement effective as of the Effective Date.
KRONOS LOUISIANA, INC.
By:/s/ Brian W. Christian
Name: Brian W. Christian
Title: Executive Vice President and COO
KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC.
By:/s/ Brian W. Christian
Name: Brian W. Christian
Title: Executive Vice President and COO
US-DOCS\151952090.11
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed and delivered this Agreement effective as of the Effective Date.
VENATOR INVESTMENTS LTD.
By:/s/ Bertrand Maurice Andre Defoort
Name: Bertrand Maurice Andre Defoort
Title:Director
VENATOR MATERIALS PLC
By:/s/ Katherine Harper
Name: Katherine Harper
Title:Director
US-DOCS\151952090.11
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed and delivered this Agreement effective as of the Effective Date.
LOUISIANA PIGMENT COMPANY, L.P.
KRONOS LOUISIANA, INC.,
its general partner
By:/s/Brian W. Christian
Name: Brian W. Christian
Title: Executive Vice President and COO
VENATOR INVESTMENTS LTD,
its general partner
By:/s/ Bertrand Maurice Andre Defoort
Name: Bertrand Maurice Andre Defoort
Title:Director
US-DOCS\151952090.11